ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ACCURACY, EQUITY, ACADEMIC INTEGRITY, AND DATA PRIVACY

Abstract

This article examines the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in educational assessment and critically analyzes its impact on accuracy, equity, academic integrity, and data privacy in higher education. The rapid development of AI technologies has transformed traditional methods of evaluating student performance through automated grading systems, adaptive testing, predictive analytics, and intelligent tutoring platforms. While AI-based assessment systems offer significant opportunities for improving efficiency, personalization, and feedback quality, they also raise serious ethical, pedagogical, and legal concerns. The study explores both the advantages and limitations of AI-driven assessment tools and highlights the risks of algorithmic bias, unequal access to technology, academic dishonesty, and misuse of student data. Furthermore, the article discusses the importance of balancing technological innovation with human judgment and educational ethics. The research concludes that AI should support rather than replace educators in assessment processes and emphasizes the need for transparent policies, digital literacy, and responsible AI governance in education.