PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SHORT-DISTANCE SPRINTERS
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Abstract
This article provides a scientific analysis of the physiological and anatomical characteristics of short-distance runners and the main factors influencing their athletic performance. The study examines the structure of muscle fibers, the development of speed and speed–strength abilities, the role of neuromuscular mechanisms, and the relationship between stride length and stride frequency. In addition, the functioning of muscles in isometric, concentric, and eccentric contraction modes during sprinting, the coordination of muscle groups during the support phase, and the principles for selecting specialized speed–strength exercises in the training process are substantiated. The materials presented in the article have practical significance for developing effective training programs for short-distance runners.
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