THE HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF PHYSICS AS A CORE SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE
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Abstract
Physics represents one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, forming the theoretical basis for understanding natural phenomena and technological progress. The historical evolution of physics illustrates the gradual transformation of human thought from philosophical speculation to empirical and mathematical investigation. This paper explores the major stages in the development of physics, beginning with ancient natural philosophy and extending through classical and modern physics. Particular emphasis is placed on paradigm shifts that reshaped scientific methodology and expanded the scope of physical knowledge. The study highlights the contributions of prominent scientists whose ideas fundamentally altered the perception of matter, energy, space, and time. Analyzing the historical development of physics not only deepens our understanding of scientific progress but also emphasizes the importance of critical inquiry and innovation in the advancement of human civilization.
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