THE EXPRESSIVE FUNCTION OF THE CONGRATULATORY SPEECH ACT

Abstract

The article discusses the content, application and different aspects of expressive speech acts in terms of the scope of language units. The communicative purpose of the speaker, various tactics and strategies used in the emergence of speech acts, and the expected pragmatic effect determine the functional-pragmatic nature of expressive speech acts. This, in turn, creates broad opportunities for the speaker in using language units and assessing the facts of reality from the point of view of expressiveness. It is known that when people communicate with each other through language, such properties of language as expression of attitude and influence are manifested through the language units used. People express various mental states, joys, desires, dreams and hopes using language units. This, in turn, creates certain speech expressions - speech acts in the language. One of such speech expressions, the speech act of greeting, occurs as an expression of the speaker's positive attitude to the addressee, his gratitude to him. This speech act has a number of situations that express its essence: it is aimed at expressing the speaker's feelings and attitude, ultimately evoking a positive reaction in the addressee. Naturally, in the process of greeting, the addressee and the congratulator are essential elements of the communicative situation. If there is no addressee, the speech act does not occur. The purpose of this speech act is to maintain the necessary subtlety of communication, to strengthen the warm friendly relationship with the addressee by expressing one's own personal emotional state, and this purpose is evidenced by the definition of performative nomination. In this sense, it can be said that the greeting governs the personal relationships of the interlocutors. It, like other sociatives, performs the function of creating a special situation of goodwill, politeness in the process of communication. The main of these is the generality of the illocutionary concept (expression of a feeling) and the perlocutionary goal (achieving a response emotional reaction), which manifests the communicative task of creating a positive emotional mood in the addressee. This is reflected in the proposition that must be explicitly expressed in the congratulatory speech act, which includes a positive assessment of the event in the addressee's life by the addressee. In the congratulatory speech act, the situation acquires a social character, and the use of lexical units expressing one's sincere respect for the addressee, in order to maintain contact with him, is a kind of signal. In addition, the main distinctive features of congratulations are the presence of their repetitive, stereotyped, firmly established forms, and their richness of expressions.