A TYPOLOGICAL STUDY OF BORROWINGS IN MODERN UZBEK SPEECH

Abstract

One language will naturally take words, phrases, or idioms from another language through a process known as linguistic borrowing. The purpose of this article is to give a typological analysis of linguistic borrowings in modern Uzbek speech. The study focuses on the categorization insertion, and sociolinguistic patterns of borrowed lexical items. The research is being conducted with the primary objective of analyzing the various forms of borrowings that are present in modern spoken Uzbek and investigating the function of these borrowings in routine communication. The following tasks are outlined in the article in order to accomplish this objective: to identify and categorize borrowings according to their origin and structural integration; to investigate the phonological, morphological, and semantic adaptations of borrowings; to investigate the sociolinguistic factors-such as age, education level, and urban versus rural settings-that influence borrowing usage.

Within the scope of this investigation, a qualitative descriptive approach is utilized, with typological and sociolinguistic analysis serving as supplementary components.  Several different sources, such as recorded informal conversations, content from the media, and internet communication platforms, were utilized in order to collect the necessary information. The investigation concentrated on the frequency of borrowed words being used as well as the context in which it was employed.

According to the findings of the research, the majority of the borrowings that are used in modern Uzbek come from Russian, Arabic, Persian, and English. Each of these sources contributes a different layer of vocabulary, based on the historical and functional domains that they are used in. It is still the case that Russian borrowings are the most common in the administrative and technical domains, although English loanwords are quickly becoming more prevalent in the speech of young people and in digital communication. There is a great degree of plasticity in Uzbek grammar, as evidenced by the fact that borrowed concepts are frequently fully incorporated into the language. Moreover, the research indicates a chronological and regional split in borrowing usage, which suggests that continuing alterations are occurring in the language environment of contemporary Uzbek society with regard to borrowing.

A better understanding of how Uzbek develops as a result of language contact is provided by this typological and sociolinguistic approach, which also throws light on broader issues pertaining to belonging, globalization, and language regulation in Central Asia.