PRIMARY INFERTILITY CAUSES IN WOMEN MARRYING AT AN EARLY AGE: A MODERN MEDICAL AND SOCIAL ANALYSIS

Authors

  • Xudayarova Mo’tabarbonu Olimjonovna Asia International University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20310762

Keywords:

early marriage, primary infertility, reproductive health, endocrine disorders, infertility, sexually transmitted infections, psychoemotional stress, reproductive age.

Abstract

 This scientific article analyzes the etiological, pathogenetic, clinical, and social aspects of primary infertility among women who marry at an early age. Biological immaturity of the reproductive system, endocrine disorders, sexually transmitted infections, psychoemotional stress, nutritional deficiencies, and social factors are identified as the major causes of infertility. Statistical data from the World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, and international reproductive health studies were used to evaluate the impact of early marriage on female reproductive health. Modern diagnostic approaches, treatment principles, and preventive measures are also discussed.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

World Health Organization (WHO). Infertility Prevalence Estimates, 1990–2021. Geneva: WHO; 2023.

World Health Organization (WHO). Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Fact Sheet. Geneva: WHO; 2023.

UNICEF. Child Marriage: Global Databases and Statistical Analysis. New York: UNICEF; 2024.

American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM). Guidelines for the Evaluation and Treatment of Female Infertility. Birmingham, AL; 2022.

Berek J.S., Novak E. Berek & Novak’s Gynecology. 16th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2020.

Speroff L., Fritz M.A. Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020.

Cunningham F.G., Leveno K.J., Bloom S.L., et al. Williams Obstetrics. 26th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2022.

Edmonds D.K. Dewhurst’s Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 9th ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2018.

Barbieri R.L. Female Infertility: Evaluation and Management. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021;384(6):546–557.

Mascarenhas M.N., Flaxman S.R., Boerma T., Vanderpoel S., Stevens G.A. National, regional, and global trends in infertility prevalence since 1990: a systematic analysis. PLoS Medicine. 2019;16(12):e1001356.

Sharma R., Biedenharn K.R., Fedor J.M., Agarwal A. Lifestyle factors and reproductive health: taking control of your fertility. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2013;11:66.

Boivin J., Bunting L., Collins J.A., Nygren K.G. International estimates of infertility prevalence and treatment-seeking: potential need and demand for infertility medical care. Human Reproduction. 2018;22(6):1506–1512.

Deligeoroglou E., Karountzos V., Creatsas G. The effects of adolescent gynecological disorders on reproductive health. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2019;24(2):157–171.

Sedgh G., Finer L.B., Bankole A., Eilers M.A., Singh S. Adolescent pregnancy, birth, and abortion rates across countries. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2015;41(3):113–121.

Chandra A., Copen C.E., Stephen E.H. Infertility service use in the United States. National Health Statistics Reports. 2014;(73):1–21.

Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Diagnostic evaluation of infertility in women: a committee opinion. Fertility and Sterility. 2021;116(5):1255–1265.

World Bank Group. Women, Business and the Law Report. Washington DC; 2023.

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). Child Marriage and Adolescent Pregnancy Report. New York; 2022.

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Ending Child Marriage: Progress and Prospects. New York; 2023.

ACOG Committee Opinion No. 781. Infertility Workup for the Women’s Health Specialist. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2019;133:e377–e384.

Oakley L., Doyle P., Maconochie N. Lifetime prevalence of infertility and infertility treatment in the UK. Human Reproduction. 2017;23(2):447–450.

Inhorn M.C., Patrizio P. Infertility around the globe: new thinking on gender, reproductive technologies, and global movements. Human Reproduction Update. 2015;21(4):411–426.

Larsen U. Primary and secondary infertility in sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2020;29(2):285–291.

Sun H., Gong T.T., Jiang Y.T., Zhang S., Zhao Y.H., Wu Q.J. Global, regional, and national prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years for infertility in 195 countries. Aging. 2019;11(23):10952–10991.

Kumar N., Singh A.K. Trends of female infertility in developing countries. International Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 2015;2015:1–9.

Downloads

Published

2026-05-20

How to Cite

PRIMARY INFERTILITY CAUSES IN WOMEN MARRYING AT AN EARLY AGE: A MODERN MEDICAL AND SOCIAL ANALYSIS. (2026). Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Innovations, 5(5), 1354-1360. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20310762

Similar Articles

21-30 of 2129

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.