GLOBAL WARMING: IMPACTS AND EMERGING GLOBAL CHALLENGES – A REVIEW ARTICLE

Abstract

Global warming is one of the most pressing environmental and public health challenges of the 21st century. The continuous rise in global temperatures due to increased greenhouse gas emissions has led to significant environmental, ecological, economic, and health consequences worldwide. This review aims to summarize the major impacts of global warming and highlight the challenges associated with mitigation and adaptation strategies. Global warming has contributed to extreme weather events, rising sea levels, biodiversity loss, reduced agricultural productivity, and increasing health risks. Vulnerable populations, particularly in developing countries, face disproportionate consequences due to limited resources and weak health infrastructure. Furthermore, climate change influences the spread of infectious diseases, food insecurity, water scarcity, and economic instability. Despite international efforts such as climate agreements and sustainability initiatives, major challenges remain in reducing emissions, implementing effective policies, and promoting global cooperation. Addressing global warming requires integrated approaches involving governments, scientific communities, healthcare systems, and individuals. Strengthening mitigation strategies, promoting renewable energy, and improving climate resilience are essential to minimize future risks. This review highlights the multidimensional impacts of global warming and emphasizes the need for coordinated global action to protect environmental sustainability and human health.