MODERN ECONOMIC APPROACHES TO AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABILITY AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

Abstract

Modern agricultural development is increasingly shaped by economic approaches that integrate technological innovation, sustainability, and digital transformation to address global challenges such as climate change, resource scarcity, and food security. This article analyzes the evolution of agricultural economics from traditional productivity-oriented models toward holistic frameworks that balance economic efficiency, ecological preservation, and social well-being. Particular attention is given to sustainable agriculture, innovation-driven growth, digital economy integration, market-based incentives, and policy mechanisms supporting environmentally responsible agricultural practices. The study also highlights the role of management, institutional frameworks, and regional development models, including modern agricultural parks, in strengthening agricultural competitiveness and resilience. The findings emphasize the necessity of interdisciplinary and system-based economic approaches to ensure long-term agricultural sustainability and inclusive economic growth.