THE IMPACT OF STRESS ON THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS, ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION, AND CLINICAL PREVENTION STRATEGIES

Abstract

This comprehensive scientific article provides a fundamental and clinical analysis of the impact of chronic and acute psycho-emotional stress on the cardiovascular system (CVS), which is one of the most urgent and strategically important medical-social problems of modern society. The relevance of the research is determined by the activation of the neuroendocrine system under the influence of stress factors, the disruption of homeostasis, and the increased risk of arterial hypertension, ischemic diseases, and sudden cardiac death. The article deeply explores the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the stress-response chain, the direct destructive effects of cortisol and catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline) on cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelium, lipid metabolism disorders, and oxidative stress processes. Drawing on the scientific research of representatives of the Uzbekistan school of cardiology and national statistical data, the influence of stress on myocardial metabolism, heart rhythm, and hemodynamic parameters is highlighted. The article concludes by proposing a complex of modern strategies for preventing stress-induced cardiac pathologies, psychosomatic correction methods, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and scientifically based recommendations for establishing a healthy lifestyle.