EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION: METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES AND THEIR MORPHOLOGICAL IMPACT ON THE SPLEEN
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Abstract
Experimental immunosuppression is widely used in biomedical research to investigate immune system dysfunction, evaluate immunotoxic effects of pharmacological agents, and model pathological conditions associated with immune deficiency. The spleen, as a central peripheral lymphoid organ, plays a critical role in both innate and adaptive immunity and is highly sensitive to immunosuppressive influences. Various experimental models have been developed to induce immunosuppression in laboratory animals, each characterized by specific mechanisms, severity, and morphological consequences. This review summarizes the principal experimental models of immunosuppression, with particular emphasis on pharmacological approaches, and discusses their structural and histopathological effects on splenic tissue. Special attention is given to the relevance of these models for morphological and morphometric studies.
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