HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOMORPHOLOGICAL DISRUPTION OF TRACHEOBRONCHIAL LYMPH NODES FOLLOWING CHRONIC AEROSOL EXPOSURE TO CHLORPYRIFOS
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Abstract
This study investigates the profound histopathological and systemic changes induced in laboratory rabbits by chronic aerosol exposure to the organophosphate pesticide Chlorpyrifos (CPF). The objective was to characterize the regional immunotoxicity by analyzing the tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLNs) and lung tissue. The intoxication, administered as an aerosol (1:50 dilution, twice every three days for four months), resulted in severe negative systemic effects, including substantial body weight loss (up to 20% decline) and marked clinical signs of poisoning. Pathohistological analysis revealed significant pulmonary pathology (edema, hypertrophy of Club/Clara cells, peribronchial inflammation) and distinct structural shifts in the TBLNs. Key findings included severe lymphoid follicular dystrophy and reduced germinal center proliferation, significant cortical widening (paracortical zone expansion), medullary narrowing, and massive accumulation of free macrophages in the medullary sinusoids. These results establish that chronic CPF aerosol exposure causes significant immunomorphological disruption, severely compromising the regional immune competence of the respiratory system and requiring urgent regulatory intervention.
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