REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL EMISSIONS IN URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS: EVIDENCE FROM KHOREZM REGION, UZBEKISTAN

Abstract

Urban transport systems constitute a fundamental component of economic activity and social connectivity; however, they simultaneously represent one of the largest sources of environmental pressure in urban areas. The rapid expansion of motorized transport has significantly increased air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, noise levels, and energy consumption, particularly in developing countries. This study investigates environmental emissions associated with urban transport systems using the Khorezm region of Uzbekistan as a case study. Drawing on national statistical data and international methodological approaches, carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from public transport are assessed using emission factor and passenger-kilometer methods. The analysis demonstrates that a high dependence on conventional fuel-based vehicles remains a major contributor to urban emissions in the region. The findings indicate that expanding electric public transport, improving fuel quality standards, and increasing the modal share of public transport could substantially reduce environmental impacts. The results provide policy-relevant insights to support sustainable urban transport planning in Uzbekistan and comparable developing regions.