SECTORAL ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES

Abstract

Climate change has emerged as a systemic economic risk affecting multiple sectors simultaneously, thereby challenging conventional development models. This article examines the sector-specific economic impacts of climate change and evaluates the effectiveness of adaptation strategies across agriculture, energy, urban infrastructure, and public health systems. Using empirical evidence from international studies and regional case analyses, the research demonstrates that climate-induced shocks significantly reduce productivity, increase fiscal pressure, and exacerbate inequality. At the same time, well-designed adaptation strategies—when integrated into sectoral and macroeconomic planning—can mitigate losses and enhance economic resilience. The article argues that adaptation is no longer a defensive policy option but a central pillar of sustainable economic development.