PRESENCE OF SMOKING AND ALCOHOLISM AMONG PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
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Abstract
Background. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains the leading cause of global mortality. Among modifiable risk factors, smoking and alcohol misuse play a crucial role in both the development and progression of IHD, increasing the risk of myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, and recurrent coronary events.
Objective. To assess the prevalence of tobacco smoking and alcohol misuse among patients with IHD based on contemporary epidemiological evidence.
Methods. A narrative review of epidemiological studies, international registries, and systematic reviews published between 2019 and 2025 evaluating smoking and alcohol consumption patterns in patients with IHD.
Results. Large registries report that 25–45% of patients with IHD are current smokers, with prevalence exceeding 50% among middle-aged men [1,2]. Alcohol consumption is reported in 60–70% of IHD patients, while harmful alcohol use or alcohol dependence is identified in 10–25% [3,4]. Combined exposure to smoking and alcohol misuse is associated with earlier onset of IHD, increased incidence of myocardial infarction, and worse long-term outcomes [5].
Conclusions. Smoking and alcohol misuse are highly prevalent among patients with IHD and significantly worsen prognosis. Systematic screening and targeted interventions addressing these behaviors should be integral components of secondary prevention strategies.
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References
1.World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2023.
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5.Yusuf S, et al. Modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries. Lancet. 2020;395:795–808.