INVESTIGATING THE WHY AND HOW OF THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND POLITICAL STATUS OF THE LOWER AND LOWER-CLASS WOMEN OF IRANIAN SOCIETY DURING THE MONGOL AND ILKHANATE PERIODS

Abstract

 Women constitute half of human society, and they were effective in the formation of human culture and civilization, and its development. However, many societies, due to religious, cultural and economic reasons, ignored the role and influence of women. Historians and researchers, also, following the cultural and religious requirements of their time, either did not pay attention to the category of women and their influence in society, or if they paid attention to this category, they portrayed women as agents of intrigue and conspiracy.The study of human history without studying its components, from ethnicity, language, and religion to gender, is an incomplete study. In past eras, historiography was often gender-biased and masculine, and women were not given attention; however, with the formation of social schools in the West, such as liberalism and Marxism, women also became the focus of attention of historians and researchers. Among the schools that pay special attention to women's issues and believe in the equality of women and men is the school of feminism. The present research aims to examine the social status of upper and lower class women and the why and how of it during the Mongol or Khuni periods, using library resources and a descriptive and analytical method.