IMMUNOLOGICAL MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN PSORIASIS DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and persistent inflammation. Recent advances in immunology have demonstrated that immune system dysregulation plays a fundamental role in the initiation and progression of psoriasis. This article aims to analyze and summarize the key immunological mechanisms involved in psoriasis development, with a particular focus on the interaction between innate and adaptive immune responses. A narrative and analytical review of scientific literature published between 2010 and 2024 was conducted using major international databases. The findings indicate that dendritic cells, T lymphocytes—especially Th17 and Th1 subsets—and keratinocytes are central contributors to psoriatic inflammation. The IL-23/Th17 axis was identified as the dominant pathogenic pathway, while proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-17, IL-22, TNF-α, and IFN-γ play crucial roles in sustaining chronic inflammation. Understanding these immunological pathways has led to the development of targeted biologic therapies and has significantly improved disease management. A deeper insight into immune-mediated mechanisms may further enhance personalized treatment strategies and long-term clinical outcomes for patients with psoriasis.