LABOR STANDARDS AND THE STUDY OF WORKING TIME EXPENDITURES
Abstract
This article explores the concept of labor standards and the study of working time expenditures, highlighting their significance in the modern workforce. It defines labor standards, examining their role in protecting workers' rights through regulations on wages, working hours, and workplace conditions. The article further delves into various aspects of working time, including traditional, flexible, and overtime hours, along with the impact of unpaid work. It emphasizes the relationship between working time and workers' health, productivity, and work-life balance. By reviewing the global landscape of labor standards, the article reflects on how different countries approach the regulation of working hours and the economic and social implications of these policies. Ultimately, it argues that balancing labor standards with working time regulations is crucial for ensuring both worker well-being and long-term productivity.
Keywords
labor standards, working time expenditures, work-life balance, overtime, health and safety, productivity, work hours regulations, international labour organization, flexible working hours.How to Cite
References
1.Berg, J. (2016). Labour standards in a globalized world: A study of the challenges and opportunities of the modern workforce. International Labour Organization.
2.Bivens, J. (2015). The Productivity Paradox: Why longer working hours don't always lead to more output. Economic Policy Institute.
3.Choudhury, P., et al. (2020). Remote work and labor standards in the 21st century. Harvard Business School.
4.De Stefano, V. (2016). The rise of the gig economy: Challenges and the future of work. International Labour Review, 155(1).
5.Friedman, G. (2014). The Rise of the Gig Economy and Its Impact on Labor Markets. Social Text, 32(1), 51-72.
6.Greshoff, R., & Sandoval, L. (2020). Comparative Labor Standards: A Global Analysis of Work Hours and Economic Performance. Global Economics Review, 34(2), 120-145.
7.Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76-88.
8.Hamer, M., et al. (2009). Working long hours and the risk of cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 66(8), 555-559.
9.Kivimäki, M., et al. (2015). Long working hours and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies. The Lancet, 386(10005), 1724-1732.
10.Kuhn, P., & Lozano, F. A. (2019). Working time and productivity in a globalized economy. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33(4), 35-58.
11.Marshall, T. H. (1949). Citizenship and Social Class. Cambridge University Press.
12.OECD (2020). Employment Outlook 2020: The Future of Work. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
13.Pencavel, J. (2014). The Economics of Working Time: A Comparative Study of Labor Market Practices. Princeton University Press.
14.Schor, J. B. (1991). The Overworked American: The Unexpected Decline of Leisure. Basic Books

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain the copyright of their manuscripts, and all Open Access articles are disseminated under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY), which licenses unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is appropriately cited. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations.