FACTORS AFFECTING ENGINE POWER AND EFFICIENCY

Abstract

Engine power and efficiency are among the most critical parameters determining the performance, fuel economy, and environmental impact of internal combustion engines. Understanding the factors that influence these parameters is essential for improving engine design and operation in modern transportation and industrial applications. This article provides a comprehensive scientific analysis of the mechanical, thermodynamic, operational, and environmental factors affecting engine power output and efficiency. Key aspects such as engine design, combustion quality, fuel properties, air–fuel mixture formation, thermal losses, friction, operating conditions, and technological innovations are examined. The study emphasizes the interdependence of these factors and highlights how advancements in engine technologies contribute to enhanced efficiency and reduced emissions. The findings of this article may serve as a theoretical and practical reference for engineers, researchers, and students in the field of mechanical and automotive engineering.