HISTOLOGY OF THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM
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Abstract
Histology of the excretory system is the study of the microscopic structure of the organs that make up the urinary system, including the kidneys, urinary tract, urinary bladder, and urethra. This field examines the structural and functional units of the nephron, the cortical and medullary layers of the kidney, and the various types of epithelium involved in urine formation. Particular attention is given to the histological features of the glomeruli and renal tubules, which play a key role in blood filtration and urine production, as well as the distinctive characteristics of the vascular network and its relationship with the epithelium. Additionally, the epithelium of the urinary tract and bladder is studied in terms of its protective, secretory, and contractile functions. The histology of the excretory system is not limited to describing organ structure but also provides essential insight into the mechanisms by which the body eliminates metabolic waste products, maintains water-electrolyte balance, and ensures the stability of the internal environment. Therefore, this topic is of fundamental importance for clinical medicine, particularly in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney and urinary tract disorders.
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