THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROBLEMS OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE KARSHI BEKLIK DURING THE PERIOD OF THE BUKHARA EMIRATE.

Abstract

This article analyzes the formation of the education system in the Karshi Beklik during the Bukhara Emirate period, focusing on the activities of madrasas, the role of scholars and teachers, the content of education, and the need for reforms. The article examines the organizational and legal foundations of the educational system in the Karshi Beklik, the types of educational institutions such as elementary schools and madrasas, as well as curricula and teaching methods.In addition, it highlights sources of funding such as waqf and charity, issues of social stratification and gender inequality, teacher qualifications, educational and methodological support, and the spread of “new method” (Jadid) schools and their influence under local conditions.

The research shows that although the educational system in the Karshi Beklik functioned stably within a religious and educational framework, by the end of the 19th century it required substantive renewal, the introduction of secular sciences, and methodological modernization. It should be noted that the study also covers the role of religious and educational institutions in social life, the forms of the educational process, the state of women’s education, and the problems of the educational system based on historical sources.