SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME (SIRS): PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
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Abstract
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) is a complex clinical condition characterized by a generalized inflammatory response of the body to various infectious and non-infectious insults. It represents an early and often critical stage in the progression of severe systemic illness and may precede sepsis, septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. This article reviews the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SIRS, including immune activation, cytokine release, endothelial dysfunction, microcirculatory disturbances, and metabolic alterations. In addition, the clinical significance of SIRS is discussed with emphasis on early recognition, diagnostic challenges, and its role in determining patient outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms of SIRS is essential for improving early diagnosis, guiding therapeutic interventions, and reducing morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients.
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