MODERN METHODS OF TREATING ALLERGIC RHINITIS

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis (AR) remains one of the most common allergic diseases, significantly impairing the quality of life and productivity of patients. This review summarizes current approaches to the treatment of AR: pharmacotherapy (intranasal corticosteroids, intranasal and oral antihistamines, nasal decongestants), non-pharmacological measures (environmental control, nasal lavage), specific allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT - subcutaneous and sublingual) and new biologics (anti-IgE, antibodies to IL-4/IL-13, etc.). Current guidelines emphasize that intranasal corticosteroids are the "mainstay" of therapy for persistent course, and a combination approach improves symptom control and reduces the need for rescue medications. Specific immune therapy demonstrates long-term disease-modifying effects and remains the only treatment capable of altering the natural history of AR.  New biological agents show promise in severe or refractory forms of asthma and in those with asthma, but their use is limited by cost and indications. This review analyzes data from the past 10 years, highlights the advantages and limitations of each approach, and suggests areas for further research and clinical practice.