DO EFFORT AND EXCELLENCE MATTER EQUALLY? EXPLORING GENDER BIAS IN CAREER ADVANCEMENT AND SALARY AMONG UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION IN UZBEKISTAN

Abstract

This research investigates gender bias in career advancement and salary distribution among administrative staff in Uzbekistan’s higher education institutions. Despite the growing participation of women in academia, persistent inequalities remain visible in leadership representation and income levels. Using a mixed-method design that combines quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews from four major universities, the study explores whether effort and professional excellence are valued equally for men and women. The findings indicate that female administrators, despite demonstrating equivalent or superior performance, experience slower promotion rates and lower compensation compared to their male counterparts. The research concludes that institutional culture, traditional gender norms, and restricted access to professional networks impede gender equity within university administration. Recommendations are provided for transparent promotion systems, gender-sensitivity training, and mentorship initiatives aimed at fostering inclusivity and fairness in higher education governance.