CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAMMATICAL FORMS AND SEMANTIC RELATIONS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK

Abstract

This study explores the classification of words into grammatical categories in English and Uzbek, emphasizing the challenges of categorization due to contextual variations. While traditional linguistic approaches divide words into independent and auxiliary parts of speech, modern linguistics continues to debate the number and classification principles. Various scholars, including G. Sweet, B. Ilyish, and E. M. Gordon, have proposed different models based on lexical, morphological, and syntactic features. The analysis highlights the interplay of meaning, form, and function in grammatical classification, demonstrating that words may shift categories depending on context. Comparative studies reveal that both English and Uzbek share grammatical universals while exhibiting unique structural differences. The findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on linguistic categorization and grammatical analysis.