COMPARATIVE AND CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF ARABIC AUXILIARY WORDS IN WORLD LINGUISTICS

Abstract

Arabic auxiliary words (harf / particles) have been a central subject of linguistic inquiry from classical Arab grammar to modern comparative and computational linguistics. This article examines the contributions of prominent Russian and international scholars, including B.M. Grande, I.S. Belyayeva, G.O. Lukyanova, and M.A. Magomedov with A.G. Rasulova, who explored Arabic particles within comparative-historical, contrastive, and functional frameworks. The study highlights how auxiliary words, despite lacking independent lexical meaning, play a crucial role in expressing grammatical relations, syntactic connections, and semantic nuances. It traces the evolution of research from traditional grammatical descriptions to contemporary applications in translation studies, automatic machine translation, and artificial intelligence. The findings underscore the enduring relevance of Arabic particles in both theoretical linguistics and practical language technologies.