COMPARATİVE ANALYSİS OF INDUSTRİAL ENTERPRİSE FİNANCİNG MECHANİSMS İN DEVELOPED COUNTRİES AND UZBEKİSTAN

Abstract

This article examines the comparative aspects of lending to industrial enterprises in developed countries and Uzbekistan. The study analyzes the role of financial infrastructure, banking regulation, interest rate policy, government support mechanisms, private sector participation, and modern financial instruments in the development of industrial financing. The experience of countries such as France, Germany, the United States, Japan, China, and India shows that effective industrial lending is closely connected with a well-developed financial system, credit guarantee mechanisms, tax incentives, subsidies, and innovation-oriented state programs. The article also identifies the main differences between advanced economies and Uzbekistan in terms of access to credit resources, the use of digital banking services, and the application of risk management tools. Based on the comparative analysis, the paper proposes recommendations for improving industrial lending practices in Uzbekistan by strengthening financial infrastructure, expanding long-term and preferential credit programs, developing private sector participation, and introducing international best practices in industrial finance.