EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES: MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES

Abstract

This article explores the mechanisms of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) development and analyzes modern preventive strategies based on current scientific evidence. ECC is identified as a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction between cariogenic microorganisms, particularly Streptococcus mutans, dietary habits, host susceptibility, and environmental factors. The study highlights the role of acid production in the demineralization of primary tooth structures and emphasizes the rapid progression of caries due to the structural особености of primary teeth. Special attention is given to the balance between demineralization and remineralization, which determines the development and reversibility of early carious lesions. The protective role of saliva and the impact of feeding practices, especially frequent sugar consumption and nighttime feeding, are also discussed as key factors influencing ECC. Modern preventive approaches, including fluoride therapy, early oral hygiene practices, dietary counseling, parental education, and minimally invasive dentistry, are evaluated for their effectiveness. The importance of early diagnosis and risk assessment is emphasized as a critical component of successful prevention. In conclusion, the integration of biological understanding and evidence-based preventive strategies is essential for reducing the prevalence of ECC and improving oral health outcomes in young children.