LEXICAL-SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ABBREVIATIONS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK

Abstract

Abbreviations constitute an essential part of modern vocabulary systems, reflecting linguistic economy, social development, and the dynamic nature of communication. In both English and Uzbek languages, abbreviations function as productive lexical units that simplify complex terms while preserving semantic content. This article explores the lexical-semantic characteristics of abbreviations in English and Uzbek, focusing on their formation, meaning, contextual variation, and integration into the lexical system. Through comparative analysis, the study examines similarities and differences in abbreviation usage across the two languages, highlighting their semantic roles in formal, scientific, technological, and everyday discourse. The findings demonstrate that abbreviations are not merely mechanical shortenings but independent lexical items with specific semantic, pragmatic, and stylistic features.