DEVELOPMENT STAGES AND TREATMENT METHODS OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the development mechanisms, clinical progression stages, and modern treatment methods of chronic heart failure (CHF). The primary aim of the research is to clarify the pathogenesis of CHF, outline the major stages in its dynamic progression, and identify effective treatment strategies appropriate for each stage. The article examines the disease development stages based on two classification systems— the NYHA (New York Heart Association) functional classification and the ACC/AHA (American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association) staging system.Key treatment methods include lifestyle modifications, essential pharmacotherapy (ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, MRAs, SGLT2 inhibitors), and surgical interventions, including heart transplantation. Ultimately, the article emphasizes that the goal of contemporary CHF management is not only to alleviate symptoms, but also to slow disease progression, improve quality of life, and extend life expectancy. In conclusion, chronic heart failure management is a long-term, multidisciplinary, and individualized process.