COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PARTS OF SPEECH IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive comparative linguistic analysis of the classification and function of parts of speech in English and Uzbek. It aims to identify typological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic similarities and differences between the two languages. English, an analytic and inflectional language, primarily depends on word order and function words, whereas Uzbek, an agglutinative Turkic language, relies on affixation and suffixal morphology to express grammatical relations. Through the examination of descriptive and contrastive studies, the research highlights how each language categorizes words into grammatical and lexical classes, how these categories interact in sentence structure, and how linguistic typology influences teaching and translation. The study also underscores how different linguistic traditions—Western and Turkic—approach the concept of parts of speech. Findings reveal that, despite functional equivalences such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs, both languages differ significantly in morphological marking, category flexibility, and syntactic dependency. The implications are valuable for theoretical linguistics, contrastive grammar, and applied language studies.