IMPACT OF VAPING AND ENERGY DRINK CO-CONSUMPTION ON HEMOSTASIS PARAMETERS AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION RISK STRATIFICATION IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH THROMBOPHILIA GENE POLYMORPHISMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55640/Keywords:
Young myocardial infarction, Vaping, Energy drinks, Thrombophilia, MTHFR polymorphism, Hemostasis, Hypercoagulability.Abstract
Background: The incidence of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) in young adults (≤45 years) is increasing, often in the absence of traditional atherosclerotic risk factors. The potential synergistic role of emerging lifestyle habits-specifically the co-consumption of electronic cigarettes (vaping) and caffeinated energy drinks-in individuals with a genetic predisposition to thrombosis remains understudied. This study aims to evaluate the impact of these habits on hemostasis parameters and stratify the risk of AMI in young patients carrying thrombophilia gene polymorphisms. Methods: A case-control study was conducted involving 22 young patients (aged 18–45) diagnosed with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and a control group of healthy volunteers. Participants were genotyped for thrombophilia markers (Factor V Leiden, Prothrombin G20210A, and MTHFR C677T) using PCR. The study population was stratified into four groups based on the presence of genetic polymorphisms and the history of vaping/energy drink consumption. Hemostasis parameters, including fibrinogen levels, platelet aggregation, and homocysteine, were analyzed.
References
1.Gulati, R., Behfar, A., Narula, J., et al. (2020). Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Individuals. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 95(1), 136–156.
2.Benowitz, N. L., & Fraiman, J. B. (2017). Cardiovascular effects of electronic cigarettes. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 14(8), 447–456.
3.Qasim, H., Karim, Z. A., Rivera, J. O., et al. (2017). Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on the Cardiovascular System. Journal of the American Heart Association, 6(9), e006353.
4.Higgins, J. P., & Babu, K. M. (2013). Cardiovascular effects of energy drinks. International Journal of Cardiology, 165(3), 354–358.
5.Willoughby, D., & Hew-Butler, T. (2018). The effects of energy drink consumption on hemodynamic and cardiovascular parameters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(9), 2434–2441.
6.Collet, J. P., et al. (2019). Thrombophilia, clinical presentation, and outcome in young patients with acute myocardial infarction. European Heart Journal, 40(12), 1020–1028.
7.Svatikova, A., Covassin, N., Somers, V. K., et al. (2015). A Randomized Trial of Cardiovascular Responses to Energy Drink Consumption in Healthy Adults. JAMA, 314(19), 2079–2081.
8.Varga, E. A., & Kujovich, J. L. (2012). Management of inherited thrombophilia: guide for genetics professionals. Clinical Genetics, 81(1), 7–17.
9.Tamis-Holland, J. E., Jneid, H., Reynolds, H. R., et al. (2019). Contemporary Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Myocardial Infarction in the Absence of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease (MINOCA): A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 139(18), e891–e908.
10.Lyadi, M. A., & Al-Kuraishy, H. M. (2022). The potential link between e-cigarette use and hypercoagulability: A narrative review. Vascular Health and Risk Management, 18, 55–64.
11.Ebrahimi, M., et al. (2023). Synergistic effect of lifestyle risk factors and genetic predisposition in premature coronary artery disease. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 23(1), 112.
12.Lee, W. H., et al. (2019). Modeling cardiovascular risks of e-cigarettes with human-induced pluripotent stem cell–derived endothelial cells. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 73(21), 2722–2737.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain the copyright of their manuscripts, and all Open Access articles are disseminated under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY), which licenses unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is appropriately cited. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations.
