SPECIFICS OF TREATING LIVER DISEASES AND THE RELEVANCE OF IMPROVING THERAPEUTIC MEASURES

Abstract

One of the most prevalent pathological issues in the globe is liver disease. Over 1.5 billion people worldwide are impacted by it. Hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are among the several hepatic cell types that have been linked to the development and spread of both acute and chronic liver disorders. Autophagy, fibrogenic factors, cytokines, oxidative stress, and microRNAs are also implicated. Finding novel therapeutic approaches that may be applied in clinical settings is made possible by comprehending the basic pathways behind liver illnesses. Liver illnesses, both acute and chronic, are global issues with complex etiologies. There is still uncertainty regarding the precise pathogenic mechanism behind a number of liver illnesses. Nevertheless, a number of hypothesized mechanisms—such as oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and microRNA—are implicated. The development of novel and successful therapeutic solutions for this bothersome issue is aided by the underlying viewpoint mechanisms. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-HSC therapy, gene therapy, cell therapy, gut microbiota, and nanoparticles have recently shown significant promise in the prevention and treatment of liver disorders. The pathophysiology of acute and chronic liver illnesses was examined here, along with recent potential molecular pathways. Additionally, we highlighted recent research on the treatment of liver problems and reviewed recent therapeutic strategies that targeted liver diseases. This review also provides updates on novel diagnostic methods, existing therapies, and possible therapeutic targets that are currently being tested in clinical settings. The development of new therapeutic approaches will benefit greatly from recent developments in our understanding of the pathophysiology of liver diseases.