MOLECULAR-BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS OF METABOLIC CHANGES IN THYROID DISEASES

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of metabolic changes that occur in thyroid diseases. The thyroid gland plays a central role in ensuring the metabolic homeostasis of the body, and its functional disorders lead to profound biochemical changes at the level of the whole organism. In conditions such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism carbohydrate, lipid and protein exchange violation not only clinical appearances shapes, maybe cell​ at the level mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidizing stress and alarm of the roads change with that it is related shown. T3 and T4 hormones nuclear receptors through gene expression The regulatory mechanisms, as well as their mitochondrial and nucleogenic effects, are described in detail. Immunometabolic correlations in autoimmune thyroiditis, particularly CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, macrophages , and cytokines with the participation of inflammation cascades analysis done. From this except, thyroid hormone deiodinases through peripheral metabolism, selenoproteins and ATF-binder proteins role, also genetic and epigenetic of factors thyroid in pathologies importance discussion will be done. In the article Modern molecular-biochemical research methods and their prospects for application in clinical practice are also considered. This work aims to provide a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of thyroid pathologies. and new therapeutic approaches working to go out aimed at research determines the directions.