FIXATION METHODS IN COMPLETE REMOVABLE DENTAL PROSTHESES

Abstract

 Complete removable dentures remain one of the most widely used methods of prosthetic rehabilitation in patients with complete edentulism. The effectiveness of treatment depends not only on the correct fabrication of the prosthesis, but also on reliable fixation, retention, stability, and functional adaptation during chewing, speech, swallowing, and facial movements. The aim of this study was to evaluate fixation methods in complete removable dental prostheses and to determine the clinical factors that influence denture retention in completely edentulous patients. The study included 46 patients with complete edentulism who received prosthodontic examination and treatment at the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry and Orthodontics of Andijan State Medical Institute. Clinical evaluation included assessment of residual alveolar ridges, mucosal condition, salivary status, vestibular depth, muscle attachments, previous denture experience, border seal quality, occlusal balance, and the need for auxiliary fixation methods. The results showed that anatomical and functional fixation was sufficient in patients with favorable residual ridges, adequate saliva, and properly formed denture borders. In patients with severe ridge atrophy, xerostomia, flabby mucosa, high muscle attachments, and poor neuromuscular coordination, additional fixation support was required. Denture adhesives improved subjective comfort and retention in selected patients, especially during the adaptation period, but they could not compensate for poorly fabricated prostheses. The study concludes that fixation of complete removable dentures should be based on a comprehensive clinical approach combining anatomical retention, functional border molding, balanced occlusion, correct denture base adaptation, patient training, and auxiliary fixation methods when indicated.