HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE ORAL MUCOSA WHEN USING ACRYLIC REMOVABLE DENTURES

Abstract

 The problem of morphofunctional changes in the oral mucosa in the orthopedic treatment of patients with removable acrylic prostheses remains highly relevant due to the widespread use of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) base materials. Despite satisfactory clinical characteristics, acrylic prostheses can cause a complex of reactive, inflammatory and dystrophic changes in the integumentary epithelium and underlying connective tissue. The aim of the study was to analyze the histological changes in the oral mucosa in patients using acrylic removable dentures and to determine the nature of morphological changes depending on their service life. Morphological examination of biopsies of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed was performed in 42 patients with partial and complete adentia using acrylic removable dentures for a period of 6 months to 5 years. The material was fixed in 10% neutral formalin, standard paraffin wiring, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and Van Gieson picrofuxin were performed. The condition of the multilayer squamous epithelium, the basement membrane, the vascular bed, and the cellular composition of the intrinsic lamina of the mucous membrane were evaluated.Characteristic morphological changes were revealed: hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis, acanthosis, areas of epithelial atrophy, vacuolization of the cells of the thorny layer, thickening and fragmentation of the basement membrane, chronic lymphoplasmocytic infiltration of its own plate, phenomena of sclerosis and vascular disorders. The intensity of the changes correlated with the duration of wearing the prosthesis and the quality of hygienic care. The use of acrylic prostheses is accompanied by the development of adaptive-compensatory and pathological morphological rearrangements of the oral mucosa. The data obtained confirm the need for morphological monitoring of the condition of the prosthetic bed and the improvement of materials for the basis of removable structures.