HYPOTHYROIDISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY: RISK FACTORS, EARLY DIAGNOSIS, AND WAYS TO PREVENT COMPLICATIONS

Abstract

This article examines the relationship between hypothyroidism and cardiovascular pathology, with particular emphasis on risk factors, early diagnosis, and prevention of complications. The review shows that thyroid hormone deficiency may contribute to dyslipidemia, bradycardia, impaired cardiac function, and a higher burden of cardiovascular risk factors, all of which can worsen patient outcomes if hypothyroidism is not recognized in time. The article also highlights the importance of laboratory confirmation using thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine for early detection, especially in patients with nonspecific symptoms or pre-existing cardiovascular disease. In addition, the review emphasizes that prevention of cardiovascular complications depends not only on diagnosis itself, but also on adequate long-term treatment and follow-up. Thus, the article supports the view that hypothyroidism should be considered not only as an endocrine disorder, but also as a clinically significant condition in cardiovascular medicine.