DEFENSIVE STRUCTURES OF CENTRAL ASIA (FROM THE 4TH CENTURY BC TO THE BEGINNING OF THE 10TH CENTURY AD)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55640/Keywords:
Defensive structures, fortresses, fortifications, antiquity, early middle ages, pakhsa and raw brick, military archaeology.Abstract
This research analyzes the formation and evolution of defensive structures in Central Asia from the 4th century BC to the 10th century AD. The article examines the architectural features, construction materials, and defensive systems of fortresses, city walls, and military fortifications belonging to the Antiquity and Early Middle Ages. Additionally, it highlights the influence of political changes and the development of military art in the region on the structural design of these fortifications.
Downloads
References
1.Asqarov A. History of Uzbekistan. Tashkent, 1994.
2.Rtveladze E. Ancient Civilization of Uzbekistan. Tashkent, 2005.
3.Masson V. Ancient Central Asia. Moscow, 1976.
4.Tolstov S. Ancient Khorezm. Moscow, 1948.
5.Buryakov Yu. History of Urban Development of Uzbekistan. Tashkent, 1982.
6.Bartold V. Turkestan in the Epoch of the Mongol Invasion. Moscow, 1963
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain the copyright of their manuscripts, and all Open Access articles are disseminated under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY), which licenses unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is appropriately cited. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations.
Germany
United States of America
Italy
United Kingdom
France
Canada
Uzbekistan
Japan
Republic of Korea
Australia
Spain
Switzerland
Sweden
Netherlands
China
India
