PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS: CLINICAL FEATURES, DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES, AND TREATMENT METHODS
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Abstract
This review aimed to analyze the clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies for pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with HIV infection. A comprehensive review of the scientific literature published between 2005 and 2024 was conducted using international medical databases. Clinical manifestations, radiological findings, laboratory diagnostic methods, and therapeutic outcomes were systematically evaluated.
The findings indicate that pneumocystis pneumonia predominantly occurs in patients with CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts below 200 cells/µL. High-resolution computed tomography, polymerase chain reaction assays, and serum beta-D-glucan measurement significantly improve diagnostic accuracy. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole remains the first-line therapy, while adjunctive corticosteroid treatment reduces mortality in moderate to severe cases.
Early HIV diagnosis, timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy, and appropriate prophylaxis are essential for preventing pneumocystis pneumonia and improving patient outcomes. Strengthening diagnostic capacity and clinical awareness is crucial to reducing the global burden of this opportunistic infection.
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