RUSSIAN AND GERMAN AGENT INTELLIGENCE BEFORE AND DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR (1914–1918): AN ANALYSIS BASED ON K. K. ZVONAREV
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Abstract
This text examines the activities of Russian imperial agent intelligence in the period leading up to the Russo–Japanese War of 1904–1905. It focuses on the intelligence systems operated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Police Department), and the Ministry of the Imperial Court. The document describes how “black cabinets” were used to intercept diplomatic correspondence, how foreign ciphers and codes were acquired, and how ambassadors, consuls, and personal adjutants were employed in gathering secret political, diplomatic, and military information.
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References
1.Zvonarev, K. K. Agent Intelligence: Russian Agent Intelligence of All Types before and during the War of 1914–1918; German Agent Intelligence before and during the War of 1914–1918. Petrograd, 1921.
2.Polovtsov, A. A. Diary. In: Krasnyi Arkhiv, Vol. IV. Moscow, 1924.
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4.Wilhelm II, Nicholas II. The Correspondence of Wilhelm II and Nicholas II. Various editions.
5.Deacon, Richard. A History of the Russian Secret Service. London: Frederick Muller, 1972.
6.Geyer, Dietrich. Russian Imperialism: The Interaction of Domestic and Foreign Policy, 1860–1914. London: Routledge, 1987.