MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: ETIOLOGY, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND MODERN THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES

Abstract

Myocardial infarction (MI) represents one of the most significant cardiovascular disorders worldwide and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. From a theoretical and scientific perspective, MI is primarily understood as a consequence of prolonged myocardial ischemia resulting from impaired coronary blood flow. This article presents a comprehensive, non-clinical review of myocardial infarction based exclusively on anatomical, pathophysiological, hemodynamic, and statistical data derived from established scientific literature. The etiological mechanisms underlying MI are analyzed with particular emphasis on coronary artery anatomy, atherosclerotic plaque formation, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombogenesis. Furthermore, the article outlines the classical clinical manifestations of MI as conceptual descriptors rather than patient-based observations, emphasizing their physiological origins. Modern therapeutic approaches are discussed from a theoretical standpoint, focusing on pharmacological classes and interventional strategies as described in contemporary cardiovascular research, without reference to individual cases or outcomes. The methodology relies on a structured review of peer-reviewed articles, dissertations, and authoritative scientific databases. The results synthesize key theoretical models explaining myocardial injury, necrosis progression, and structural remodeling of cardiac tissue. This work aims to provide a scientifically grounded, educational overview of myocardial infarction that supports academic understanding and future research development, particularly in medical education and theoretical cardiology.