CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING AND PREVENTION
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Abstract
This scientific article analyzes the prevalence, mechanisms of development, early detection methods, and the relevance of preventive measures for cervical cancer (CC). Cervical cancer is one of the most common oncological diseases among women, and its primary etiological factor is infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Therefore, early diagnosis and the implementation of effective prevention programs can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality rates. The article discusses screening methods such as the Pap test (cytological screening), HPV DNA testing, and visual inspection, examining their sensitivity and specificity. Their advantages, disadvantages, age-related application recommendations, and roles in clinical protocols are substantiated. Furthermore, challenges and proposals for expanding screening coverage, increasing women's awareness, and improving program effectiveness in Uzbekistan are highlighted. The prevention section describes the effectiveness of HPV vaccination, recommended age groups, types of vaccines, reduction of risk factors (early sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, smoking, immunosuppression), and the importance of a healthy lifestyle based on scientific evidence. The analysis shows that combining screening with HPV vaccination is the most effective strategy for cervical cancer prevention. This article has significant scientific and practical value for implementing modern approaches to CC prevention.
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References
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