A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY COMPARING THE EFFECTIVENESS AND ADVERSE EFFECTS OF FESS AND CALDWELL-LUC PROCEDURES IN MAXILLARY CYST CASES
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Abstract
Both Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) and Caldwell-Luc operation are surgical techniques used to treat maxillary sinus cysts. However, comparative data on their effectiveness and associated morbidity remain limited. This retrospective study reviewed 75 adult patients treated between 2017 and 2023—60 patients underwent FESS, while 15 received the Caldwell-Luc procedure—for isolated maxillary sinus mucous retention cysts. The study assessed postoperative outcomes including infraorbital nerve impairment (sensory disturbances), pain (measured by Visual Analog Scale, VAS), facial swelling, operative duration, and hospital stay. Statistical analysis using independent t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables was performed at a significance level of p<0.05.
Results showed that patients who underwent FESS experienced significantly better outcomes than those who had Caldwell-Luc surgery. Only 5% of FESS patients (3 out of 60) exhibited infraorbital nerve impairment compared to 26.7% of Caldwell-Luc patients (4 out of 15) (p=0.010). Postoperative pain scores were lower in the FESS group (mean VAS 3.2 ± 1.1) versus the Caldwell-Luc group (mean VAS 5.8 ± 1.3; p<0.001). Hospitalization duration was shorter for FESS patients (average 1.8 ± 0.5 days) compared to those in the Caldwell-Luc group (average 3.1 ± 0.9 days; p<0.001). Additionally, facial swelling was less common, and operative time was shorter in the FESS group (both p<0.05).
In conclusion, FESS demonstrated superior perioperative results and lower complication rates compared to the traditional Caldwell-Luc approach for treating maxillary sinus cysts. These findings support prioritizing FESS for suitable patients, as it reduces complications and promotes faster recovery in clinical practice.
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