INNOVATIONS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: FOCUS ON THYROID PATHOLOGY

Authors

  • Hossain Saburi Medical researcher

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55640/

Keywords:

thyroid disorders, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis, Graves’ disease, thyroid hormone replacement

Abstract

Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrine diseases worldwide, affecting millions of individuals across different age groups and geographic regions. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are the most prevalent conditions, often associated with autoimmune mechanisms, nutritional deficiencies, or genetic predispositions. This article provides a comprehensive review of thyroid disorders, highlighting their clinical manifestations, modern diagnostic tools, and therapeutic strategies. The study emphasizes the importance of early detection and appropriate management to reduce complications and improve patient outcomes.

References

1.American Thyroid Association. (2023). Guidelines for the Management of Thyroid Disorders. Thyroid Journal, 33(4), 289–312.

2.European Thyroid Association. (2022). Clinical Guidelines on Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism. Eur Thyroid J, 11(2), 85–101.

3.Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, et al. (2020). Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 20th ed. McGraw-Hill.

4.Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM. (2022). Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 14th ed. Elsevier.

5.Vanderpump MP. (2017). Epidemiology of Thyroid Disorders. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 5(6), 469–482.

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Published

2026-04-11

How to Cite

INNOVATIONS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: FOCUS ON THYROID PATHOLOGY. (2026). International Journal of Political Sciences and Economics, 5(4), 198-200. https://doi.org/10.55640/

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