RENAL REGULATION OF WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55640/Keywords:
kidney physiology, water balance, electrolyte regulation, renal hormones, homeostasis.Abstract
The maintenance of water and electrolyte balance is essential for normal cellular function, cardiovascular stability, and overall homeostasis. The kidneys play a central role in this regulation by precisely controlling the excretion and reabsorption of water and electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and phosphate. Renal regulation is achieved through complex interactions between glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion, and hormonal control mechanisms including antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, and natriuretic peptides. This article reviews the physiological mechanisms by which the kidneys regulate fluid and electrolyte balance and discusses their significance in maintaining internal stability under both normal and pathological conditions. Understanding these mechanisms is fundamental for interpreting renal and systemic disorders related to fluid and electrolyte imbalance.References
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