STRUCTURE OF DWELLINGS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS IN THE PLACES BELONGING TO THE KALTAMINOR CULTURE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55640/Keywords:
Kaltaminor culture; Neolithic period; Central Asia; religious beliefs; totemism; animism; burial practices; archaeology; Tumek-Kichikchik cemetery; Jonbos sites; ancestor worship; material culture; early civilizations.Abstract
This article examines the structure of dwellings and the development of religious beliefs in sites belonging to the Kaltaminor culture within the broader context of Neolithic societies in Central Asia. The study highlights the evolution of early human lifestyles, including the transition to sedentary living, the domestication of animals, and the increasing importance of fire in daily life. Special attention is given to the emergence of early religious concepts such as totemism, animism, and fetishism, as well as their reflection in burial practices and ritual activities.
The research is based on archaeological evidence, particularly materials from the Tumek-Kichikchik cemetery and the Jonbos-4 and Jonbos-5 sites. Burial customs, including the use of red ochre, the placement of grave goods, and the orientation of the deceased, are analyzed to understand spiritual beliefs and social structures. The article also explores ancestor worship, fertility rituals, and the symbolic role of natural elements such as fire, water, and earth.
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