MODERN ASPECTS OF MIGRAINE MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Migraine is a common and disabling neurological disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of moderate to severe headache often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia. It affects approximately 15% of the global population and represents one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Modern approaches to migraine management have evolved significantly with the advancement of knowledge about migraine pathophysiology, particularly the role of the trigeminovascular system and calcitonin gene‑related peptide (CGRP). Contemporary treatment strategies focus on both acute attack relief and long‑term prevention using pharmacological and non‑pharmacological methods. Traditional therapies such as non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), triptans, beta‑blockers, antidepressants, and antiepileptic medications remain widely used. However, the development of targeted therapies including CGRP monoclonal antibodies, gepants, and ditans has significantly transformed migraine management. Additionally, neuromodulation techniques and lifestyle‑based interventions are gaining increasing importance in modern clinical practice. This article reviews current concepts in migraine pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and modern therapeutic approaches including pharmacological treatments, preventive strategies, and emerging innovative therapies.