MECHANISMS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT BACTERIAL PATHOGENS: MOLECULAR BASIS, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRENDS, DETECTION METHODS, AND THERAPEUTIC COUNTERMEASURES

Authors

  • Ruzmetova Sarobibi Shonazar kizi Asia International University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55640/

Keywords:

antimicrobial resistance, ESKAPE pathogens, beta-lactamases, ESBL, carbapenemase, MRSA, horizontal gene transfer, plasmid-mediated resistance, efflux pumps, minimum inhibitory concentration, ceftazidime-avibactam, antimicrobial stewardship

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most urgent global public health crises of the twenty-first century, threatening to reverse a century of advances in infectious disease medicine. The World Health Organization estimates that drug-resistant infections directly caused 1.27 million deaths in 2019 and contributed to 4.95 million deaths globally, with projections suggesting AMR could claim 10 million lives annually by 2050 if current trends continue unchecked. The emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacterial pathogens—particularly the ESKAPE organisms (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.)—has dramatically narrowed the available therapeutic arsenal for severe nosocomial and community-acquired infections.

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References

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Published

2026-03-15

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 03 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Innovations

Section

Articles

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors retain the copyright of their manuscripts, and all Open Access articles are disseminated under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY), which licenses unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is appropriately cited. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations.

How to Cite

MECHANISMS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT BACTERIAL PATHOGENS: MOLECULAR BASIS, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRENDS, DETECTION METHODS, AND THERAPEUTIC COUNTERMEASURES. (2026). Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Innovations, 5(03), 771-782. https://doi.org/10.55640/

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