THE HISTORY OF THE EMERGENCE OF CITIES(IN THE EXAMPLE OF THE ENEOLITHIC PERIOD)

Authors

  • Qalandarova Maftuna Turaboyevna Asia International University MM101-T-25, 1st-year Master’s student

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55640/

Keywords:

Namazgah culture, Eneolithic period, material culture, Sarazm site, residential architecture.

Abstract

The article highlights the material culture of Eneolithic communities of Southern Turkmenistan based on the lower three cultural layers of the Namazgah site (Namazgah I–III). The chronology of these stages, residential construction, defensive structures, and economic activities are analyzed. In addition, the stages of architectural development of the Sarazm site demonstrate the formation of regional cultural interactions and architectural traditions during the Eneolithic period. The article also provides information on the results and achievements of archaeological scholars who conducted in-depth scientific research on the history of the formation of cities.

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References

1.Gulyamov A.G., Islamov U., Askarov A.A. Primitive Culture and the Emergence of Irrigated Agriculture in the Lower Reaches of the Zeravshan. Tashkent, 1966.

2.Khlopin I.N. The Eneolithic of Southwestern Turkmenistan. Saint Petersburg, 1997.

3.Itina M.A. History of the Steppe Tribes of the Southern Aral Region from the 3rd to the Beginning of the 2nd Millennium BC. Moscow, 1977.

4.Gulyamov A.G., Islamov U., Askarov A.A. Primitive Culture and the Emergence of Irrigated Agriculture in the Lower Reaches of the Zeravshan. Tashkent, 1966.

5.Ranov V.A. The Study of the Stone Age of Central Asia (1945–1965). MKS, Issue 1. Dushanbe, 1968.

6.Isakov A.I. Sarazm. Dushanbe, 1991

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Published

2026-03-09

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 03 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Innovations

Section

Articles

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors retain the copyright of their manuscripts, and all Open Access articles are disseminated under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY), which licenses unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is appropriately cited. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations.

How to Cite

THE HISTORY OF THE EMERGENCE OF CITIES(IN THE EXAMPLE OF THE ENEOLITHIC PERIOD). (2026). Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Innovations, 5(03), 179-181. https://doi.org/10.55640/

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