PREVALENCE OF HEART DEFECTS AMONG CHILDREN, THEIR VARIOUS FORMS (CYANOTIC AND ACYANOTIC) AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
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Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the global and regional prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHD) in children, distinguishing between cyanotic and acyanotic forms. Drawing on data from population‐based registries and published meta‐analyses, we report a rise in birth prevalence of CHD from 1970–2017 to a peak of 9.41 per 1,000 live births in 2010–17 [1]. In the United States, approximately 1 in 110 live births are affected [8]. Cyanotic defects (e.g., tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great arteries) comprise 25%–30% of cases, while acyanotic defects (e.g., ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect) account for 70%–75% [1]. Statistical analyses (χ² tests, logistic regression) reveal significant regional variation (p<0.001) and associations with maternal risk factors. Results underscore the growing burden of CHD and inform targeted screening and intervention strategies.
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1.Strengthen Surveillance: Implement standardized birth defect registries in low-resource regions.
2.Prenatal Screening: Expand fetal echocardiography access, especially for high‐risk pregnancies.
3.Vaccination Programs: Intensify rubella immunization to reduce infection‐associated CHDs.
4.Genetic Counseling: Offer consanguinity education and counseling in at-risk populations.
References
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