MORPHOLOGICAL, AGRONOMIC AND GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRITICALE PLANT
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Abstract
In this scientific study, the morphological, genetic and agronomic characteristics of triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) were comprehensively investigated. Triticale is an artificial amphiploid cereal crop obtained by hybridization of wheat (Triticum spp.) and rye (Secale cereale L.), distinguished by high yield potential, resistance to environmental stress factors, and high nutritional value. The research was conducted under the agro-climatic conditions of Southern Uzbekistan, where the biological and agronomic traits of winter and spring triticale varieties were evaluated.
The results showed that plant height of triticale ranged from 90 to 140 cm, spike length from 8 to 16 cm, and the thousand-kernel weight varied between 38 and 55 g. Genetically, triticale possesses 2n = 6x = 42 chromosomes, in which wheat genomes contribute to high yield and grain quality, while the rye genome provides tolerance to drought, salinity, and low temperatures. The obtained scientific results substantiate the possibility of widely introducing triticale as a strategic cereal crop under the conditions of Southern Uzbekistan.
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